Pernahkah anda bertanya-tanya, dari mana satuan aperture yang biasanya dinyatakan dalam angka seperti ini f/4, f/5.6 atau f/22 (atau juga f4, f5.6 atau f22) berasal? dan kenapa makin besar diameter lensa dan ukuran fisik lensa makin kecil angkanya?
aperture = panjang focal / diameter
Sebagai contoh, jika kita memiliki lensa 50mm dan ukuran diameter optik bagian depan lensa tersebut 25mm, maka kita memiliki lensa f/2 (atau juga seringkali dinyatakan sebagai f2)
aperture = 50:25 = 2
Jika panjang focal (apa itu panjang focal) lensa 50mm dan diameter lensa 50mm, berarti aperture maksimal lensanya adalah f/1. Di angka f/1, maka diameter lensa 2 kali lebih besar dibandingkan f/2, dan ada perbedaan 2 stop diantara f/1 dan f/2 (masih ingat pengertian stop kan?). Dan lensa f/1 bisa dilewati cahaya 4 kali lebih banyak dibanding lensa f/2 sehingga makin besar aperture makin cepat dan makin enak dipakai di kondisi low light.
Anda sekarang mulai menyadari kenapa tidak banyak lensa 50mm f/1. Hanya ada sejumput lensa yang memiliki aperture f/1, seperti misalnya Canon EF 50mm f/1.0L USM yang sudah diskontinyu (lihat foto-foto yang dihasilkan dari lensa hebat 50mm f/1 disini). Lensa dengan aperture f1 membutuhkan ukuran body lensa yang buesar, elemen optik yang luas supaya diameternya bisa sama dengan panjang focalnya.
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